海洋生物附着及低速海流等因素直接影响海水换热器换热效果。为研究海水板式换热器的污垢特性，本文采用自行设计的板式换热器实验装置，通过富集培养并分离出硫酸盐还原菌（SRB），使其附着海水板式换热器设备，并利用扫描电镜及热阻试验台，实验研究了附着污垢层的形成、生长及其换热特性，并对低流速海流环境下换热器的污垢热阻特性进行了对比实验。实验结果表明：污垢层的形成在不同时期其形貌和特征不同。能谱分析显示其组成的元素主要为C、H、O、Ca，是由各种有机物和悬浮颗粒组成。在诱导期后，污垢热阻符合渐进污垢增长模型，1 m/s以内的低流速下污垢热阻随流速增大而增大。%Adhesion of marine organisms,low flow rates and other factors directly affected the seawater plate heat exchanger effectiveness. This research focused on investigation of microbial fouling characteristics seawater plate heat exchanger. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were isolated by enrichment culture and attached to the seawater plate heat exchanger. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal resistance test bench were used to analyze the formation,growth and heat transfer characteristics of adherent fouling layer under different velocities. The comparative experiments of fouling resistance in the low flow rates under ocean current environment were accomplished. The results showed that the features and characteristics of the formation of fouling were different in different periods. Spectral analysis demonstrated that the main elements were C,H,O and Ca. The microbial fouling was composed of various organic matters and suspended particles. After the induction period,the fouling resistance agreed with the gradual fouling growth model. The fouling thermal resistance increased with the increase of flow velocities under low flow rates less than 1 m/s.
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