含镍原料主要有产品、原矿、冶炼副产、废料等4类。含镍原料不同，生产工业硫酸镍的工艺技术也有很大的差别。根据制备工业硫酸镍的研究进展和生产现状，本文将上述4类原料进一步细分为10种，产品分为金属镍、羰基镍，原矿分为硫化镍矿、红土镍矿，冶炼副产分为粗制硫酸镍、退镀废液/电镀污泥和酸洗污泥，含镍废料分为废催化剂、电池废料和废合金。本文以含镍原料为出发点，对各种含镍原料制备工业硫酸镍的生产技术进行了综述，特别详细地介绍了各生产技术中浸出和精炼工艺的进展，同时结合现有技术工艺提出了理论可行的技术路线；根据对各种原料生产企业的实地考察，总结了工业硫酸镍现有工业化的生产情况；最后展望了工业硫酸镍制备的发展方向。%Raw materials containing nickel are classified in four categories,including nickel products, ores,byproducts and waste materials. The preparation technologies of nickel sulfate for industrialuse varies with different raw materials. According to the research progresses and production status of nickel sulfate,the four categories of nickel-containing raw materials were further classified into ten sub-categories in this paper. Nickel products were categorized into metallic nickel and nickel carbonyl, nickel ores were categorized into nickel sulphide ores and nickel laterite ores,byproducts were categorized into nickel sulfate,deplating wastewater/electroplating sludge,and pickling sludge,and waste materials were categorized into spent nickel-based catalyst,spent batteries and nickel alloy scrap. This paper reviewed the strengths of raw materials containing nickel,progresses in the industrial preparation technologies of nickel sulfate respectively, presented leaching and refining techniques in detail particularly,and proposed feasible processes in theory. In addition,industrialization production status was summarized based on the comprehensive survey of existing plants. Finally,the perspective of preparation technologies of nickel sulfate with each material was also put forward.
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