机械扰动强化气体水合物快速生成研究进展

摘要

气体水合物技术在天然气固态储运、CO2捕获与封存等领域具有广阔的应用前景.高效快速制备水合物是水合物应用技术产业化的关键技术之一.从成核机理、相平衡、传热和传质等角度简述了气体水合物快速生成机理,回顾了常见的搅拌、喷淋和鼓泡等机械扰动强化气体水合物快速生成方法的基本原理和特性.依据强化传质传热领域内的新进展,进一步阐述了新型机械扰动强化气体水合物快速生成方法的基本原理和特性,重点综述了流化床、超声波、超重力、撞击流等技术的研究进展.从耗气率、水合物生成速率、总能耗、气体转化率等角度分析评价了各种机械扰动强化气体水合物快速生成方法的优缺点.总体来说,目前各种机械扰动强化气体水合物生成技术仍处于实验室阶段,传统的搅拌、喷淋和鼓泡强化技术生成速率较低;新型的流化床、超声波、超重力和撞击流等技术也存在各种不同的缺点,有待进一步优化改进.同时指出探究微观成核机理、开发新型易固液分离的气体水合物生成系统以及构建水合物反应器评价体系等是未来气体水合物快速生成相关研究中需要进一步解决的问题.%There is a vast application prospect about gas hydrate technology in solid natural gas storage and transportation,carbon dioxide capture and storage,and other areas. High efficiency and rapid formation of gas hydrate is the key of application technology industrialization. The formation mechanism of gas hydrate is introduced from the view of nucleation mechanism,phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer. The basic principles and characteristics of the common methods for rapid formation of gas hydrate by mechanical disturbance are introduced,including stir,spray and bubble. Moreover,on the basis of the new progress in the field of heat and mass transfer,the basic principles and characteristics of the new methods are described. The progresses of the methods including fluidized bed,ultrasonic,high gravity and impinging stream are mainly reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of mechanical disturbances are analyzed and evaluated from the view of the rate of gas consumption,the formation rate of hydrate,total energy consumption and rate of gas conversion. Overall,various technologies for rapid formation of gas hydrate by mechanical disturbance are still in the laboratory stage. The formation rate of traditional technologies including stir,spray and bubble is low. The new technologies including fluidized bed,ultrasonic,high gravity and impinging stream also have various shortcomings,and needs further optimization and improvement. At last,all problems including exploring the microscopic nucleation mechanism,developing a new gas hydrate formation system with easy separation of solid and liquid,and constructing comprehensive evaluation system for gas hydrate reactor need to be solved further in the future research of gas hydrate formation.