Three kinds of nonionic surfactants ( luaryl monoethanaolamide polyglycerolether, palmitoyl monoethanaolamide polyglycerolether, and stearoyl monoethanaolamide polyglycerolether ) were got from alkanolamide and polyglycerol by two-step method. The structures of the target products were characterized by FTIR. The effects of different chains and polymerization degree of polyglycerol on the surface chemical properties of the products were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the target products can be 87. 1% under the optimum reaction conditions that mole ratio of luaryl monoethanaolamide to intermediate product is 1: 1, reaction temperature is 110 ℃, reaction time is 2. 0 h, and catalyst amount is 2. 0%. The structure of the product was identified by FTIR. For one-length hydrophilic chain, along with increasing the length of chain the solubilization capacity becomes stronger, emulsifying power and lime soap dispersing force firstly increases and then decreases. For one-length hydrophobic chain, along with increasing the polymerization degree of polyglycerol, the solubilization capacity, foamability, emulsibility and lime soap dispersing force become stronger.%以长链烷基醇酰胺、聚甘油为主要原料合成了3种非离子表面活性剂十二烷基酰胺聚甘油醚、十六烷基酰胺聚甘油醚和硬脂酸酰胺聚甘油醚,通过红外光谱对所合成产物进行了表征,并对产物表面化学性能进行了研究.结果表明:在十二烷基单乙醇酰胺与中间产物摩尔比1∶1,反应温度110℃,反应2.0h,氢氧化钠用量为2.0％条件下,产物的最高收率87.1％；产品通过红外光谱表征表明结构正确；同一亲水链长下,随着烷基链的增长,增溶性逐渐增强,乳化能力和钙皂分散性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势；同一疏水链下,随着甘油平均聚合度的增加,起泡性、乳化力、钙皂分散性和增溶性均增强.
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