保护与传承非物质文化遗产是否可以创新（三人谈）

摘要

In the process of protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, whether inheritors need innovate, the problem is not able to answer in general. Standing on the viewpoint of inheritance, inheritors ’ job is inheritance, the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage must fulfill the historical mission, but this does not mean that inheritors of intangible cultural heritage slavishly make rigid inheritance and cannot have a spark of innovation, but for their performance in content, form, using materials remain the same, other changes with free play was not on the list of banned. In particular, for the innovation of the intangible cultural heritage, we can differentiate between the following three aspects: the heritage protection work must be innovative, as general intangible cultural heritage can be innovative, but the representative project of the intangible heritage in the protection list cannot make innovation. For the needs to make innovation of intangible cultural heritage, firstly you need clear the body of the intangible cultural heritage is the local holder, their inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is a kind of flexible dual-track system. The intangible cultural heritage, as a kind of cultural resources in the face of the performance for the outside visitors, at the same time, the locals have the real desire to inherit the intangible cultural heritage within the community. Therefore, the innovation of the intangible cultural heritage must be under the moderate principle, in the guarantee the intangible cultural heritage of the relative originality and its original true premise, make reasonable innovation and moderate innovation. The American public folklore theory and practice with the objectification of awareness to the public together is valuable to inheritance and protection of Chinese intangible cultural heritage.%在保护与传承非物质文化遗产的过程中，究竟是否需要创新，这一问题并不能够笼统地来回答。站在传承人的视角看，传承人的本职工作就是传承，这是传承人必须履行的历史使命，但这并不意味着非物质文化遗产传承人只能亦步亦趋地刻板传承而不能有一丝一毫的创新，而是要求他们在表现内容、表现形式、使用原料上保持不变，其他变化与自由发挥并不在禁止之列。具体来说，对非物质文化遗产的创新，我们可以从三个层面来区别对待：非遗保护工作必须创新，作为优秀传统文化的一般非物质文化遗产可以创新，列入各级非遗名录的非遗代表性项目不能追求创新。对于需要而且可以创新的非物质文化遗产，首先需要明确非物质文化遗产的主体是其本土持有人，他们对非物质文化遗产的传承存在一种灵活的双轨机制，即非物质文化遗产作为一种文化资源在面对游客等外来者展演的同时，当地人也有在社区内部面向自我的真实传承。因此，非物质文化遗产的创新一定要在适度原则下进行，在保证非物质文化遗产的相对原生态、原真性前提下，合理创新，适度创新。美国公众民俗学理论与实践具有清醒的反客体化意识，能够在真正意义上将公众凝聚起来，对中国非物质文化遗产的传承和保护具有借鉴意义。