耐力训练对骨骼肌重量的影响相对较少,而力量训练可显著诱导运动肌发生肥大。不同的训练方式诱导适应的分子机制是不同的,激活和表达各自特异的信号通路和相关的基因。力量和耐力进行组合训练时,在分子水平存在一个干扰现象,不同训练方式可诱导细胞内信号通路产生拮抗,从而抵消骨骼肌对不同运动方式产生特异性适应。当前,一些训练学上的对策已经被证明能够有效降低力量和耐力组合训练产生的干扰。对这一问题的认识有助于我们理解骨骼肌疾病的病因、老龄化时维持其新陈代谢和功能以及运动员的运动训练。%Endurance training leads to minor changes in skeletal muscle mass, strength training induces marked hypertrophy of exercising muscles. The genetic and molecular mechanisms of adaptation are distinct in response to exercise modes. Each mode of exercise results in activation and/or repression of specific pathways and subsets of genes. At the molecular level, there seems to be an interference phenomenon between concurrent aerobic and strength training; it is now clear that different forms of exercise induce antagonistic intracellular signaling mecha- nisms that, in turn, could have a negative impact on the muscle＇ s adaptive response to this particular form of training. Several training strategies have proven effective in reducing the interference phenomenon of concurrent strength and endurance training. Greater knowledge of this question is help for our understanding of the aetiology of disease, maintenance of metabolic and functional capacity with aging, and training for athletic performance.
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