上海城区老年人心血管疾患与冬季居住环境调查

摘要

为把握居住环境对老年人心血管疾病患病的影响, 本研究采用问卷与实测相结合的方法, 对上海城市地区65岁以上老年人的心血管疾病患病情况及冬季居住生活环境进行抽样调查.对比研究了患病组与对照组在热舒适感觉、住宅供暖设备、温湿度环境、室内空气污染物情况方面差异.分析结果表明:室内外温差与患病呈正相关, 室内温差对患病影响相对不大.收缩压与室温呈负相关.患病组住宅条件更高级舒适, 室温更高, 而患病老人对温度环境更敏感, 抵抗温差冲击能力弱.同时对比上海农村, 北京及黑龙江的同类调查结果得出:上海城市地区住宅条件较好, 供暖需求较北方城市低, 室内空气品质相对较好, 心血管疾病患病率较低.%To find the impact of living environment on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly, a questionnaire survey and field tests were conducted to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and living environment in winter among the elderly over 65 years old in Shanghai urban area.The differences between diseased group and controlled group in heating equipment, temperature and humidity environment, indoor air pollutants showed that: (1) Indoor and outdoor temperature difference were positively correlated with CVD, while indoor temperature difference had little effect on the disease; (2) Systolic pressure and room temperature were negatively correlated; (3) The diseased group had more comfortable living conditions, higher room temperature, but more sensitive to a higher temperature environment.Compared with the same survey results in rural areas of Shanghai, Beijing and Heilongjiang, it is concluded that Shanghai has better housing conditions, lower heating demand, better indoor air quality and lower incidence of cardiovascular disease.