近年来,随着矿山机械化程度的不断提高,大型先进凿岩台车的普遍推广应用,某些矿山在深孔掘进爆破过程中出现了炮孔药径比不匹配的问题.为了确定合理的炮孔药径比,运用有限元数值模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA构建巷道深孔爆破中装药结构的计算模型,4种炮孔药径比分别取1:1、1:1.2、1:1.225、1:1.25,对典型单元的应力云图和压力时程曲线进行对比分析.计算结果表明:当炸药与孔壁之间有空气介质存在时,应力波压力峰值会快速衰减,能够减少炮孔壁岩石的过粉碎或造成"再生岩石"现象.此外当炮孔药径比为1:1时,单元压力峰值随着远离炮孔装药轴线衰减最快,而炮孔药径比1:1.2时,压力峰值则衰减最慢.对于钻头直径φ45mm的凿岩台车,合适的炸药药卷直径为φ38~40mm,可依此指导矿山企业合理定购爆破器材.%In recent years,following the continuously improvement of the mine mechanization,there exist the problem of bad ratio of charge to hole diameter during the deep hole tunnel blasting in some mine with the wide-spread application of the advanced drill jumbo. To decide the reasonable ratio of charge to hole diameter,the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to establish the numeration model of charge structure of deep hole tunnel blasting. There are 4 types ratios with 1:1、1:1. 2、1:1. 225、1:1. 25,and the stress nephogram and the pressure time interval curve of typical unit were compared and analyzed. The results show that,when there is air material between charge and hole wall,the peak of stress pressure will attenuate rapidly,which could reduce the over broken of hole wall or"renew rock". Moreover,when the ratio is 1:1,the peak of unit pressure reduces fastest far away to the charge,but when the ratio is 1:1. 2,the peak of unit pressure reduces slowest relatively. For the bit diameter of drill jumbo is φ45 mm, the befitting charge diameter is φ38~40 mm,which is of benefit to order the blasting materials for mine company.
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