Epigenetic modification,which refers to regulate the gene expression by reversible covalent modifications of DNA and histone without altering the DNA sequences,plays very important roles in plant responses to biological or abiotic stresses as well as the adaptation to changing environment. Recently,emerging evidences have shown that epigenetic controlling is involved in the immune response of rice and Arabidopsis to pathogenic bacterial infection(including effect recognition,signal transduction,and rapid defense response). In this review,we summarized the functions and molecular regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in defense responses against pathogenic bacteria in rice and Arabidopsis,such as genomic DNA methylation,histone modifications(methylation/demethylation,histone acetylation/deacetylation and ubiquitination)and small RNA. It helps to better understand epigenetic regulation in defense,and to provide theoretical support and gene resources for the crop breeding of disease resistance.%表观遗传修饰是指在不改变基因序列的情况下,通过对DNA和组蛋白等一系列可逆的共价修饰调控生物体的基因表达,在应对生物和非生物因素胁迫以及适应环境变化的过程中发挥着非常重要的作用.最近的研究表明,表观遗传修饰参与水稻/拟南芥抵御细菌入侵的免疫反应(包括效应识别、信号转导和快速防御反应等).对基因组DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰(甲基化/去甲基化、乙酰化/去乙酰化和泛素化)和小RNA在内的表观遗传修饰在水稻/拟南芥对病原细菌入侵的防御反应中的功能和分子调控机制进行了综述,有助于系统地全面理解表观遗传抗病性,为其抗病育种提供理论支持和基因资源.
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