“旱涝急转”对水稻生长发育的影响及其有关问题的思考

摘要

In recent years natural disasters like the fast and severe drought­floods abrupt alternation continuously occurred in many areas in China, especially in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, causing a heavy decrease in crop production. This paper introduced the concept and connotation of the drought­floods abrupt alternation and illustrated the effects of drought stress, waterlogging stress and the drought­floods abrupt alternation on rice (including its growth, yield, quality, root activity, physiological characteristics), and differences of different rice gene­types’ reaction. The latest research progress in the drought­floods abrupt alternation was also summarized. Precautionary and remedial measures were proposed for the drought­floods abrupt alternation disaster. Additionally, research prospects were suggested to further develop new rice varieties with drought­resistance and flood­resistance in the future.%　　近年来我国很多地区，尤其是长江中下游地区发生了快速、剧烈的“旱涝急转”事件，造成农作物大幅度减产。介绍“旱涝急转”的概念及内涵，阐明干旱胁迫、湿涝胁迫及“旱涝急转”对水稻生长发育、产量、品质、根系活力、生理特性的影响以及不同水稻基因型对其反应的差异性，概述水稻“旱涝急转”最新研究进展，提出“旱涝急转”灾害的预防与补救措施，就培育抗旱和耐涝水稻品种的研究前景进行展望。