电动汽车参与运行备用的能力评估及其仿真分析

摘要

电动汽车(EV)作为未来电力系统一种潜在且容量可观的运行备用资源,其调控必须以满足用户出行与充(放)电意愿为前提,因此对电动汽车备用能力的评估需置于合理的、计及用户响应意愿的市场机制下来考察.首先设计出兼顾系统调控需求与用户出行需求的充(放)电合约机制,提出了EV短时备用能力计算方法和响应电价变化的有序充/放电策略.基于上述模型或方法,实例分析了典型EV单体及集群在不同充电策略下,向电网提供多种可调控备用容/电量产品的能力.同时进一步分析了备用容量价格、备用市场设计等因素对EV可申报备用容量的影响.%As one of potential operating reserve measures with comparative capacity in future power systems,the operation of electric vehicles (EVs) should follow their users" willingness in travel and charge.Therefore,it is only reasonable to analyze the capability of EV as a reserve measure under a suitable market mechanism in which users" willingness is respected.A charging/discharging contract principle is designed to balance the needs between the system operator and the users.An algorithm to calculate the short-term reserve capability of EV,as well as a sorted charging/discharging strategy to respond the variation of electricity price,is proposed.Based on these models or methods,case studies are done aiming to give the primary assessment on capability to supply reserve capacity/energy instantly but with short duration from a typical individual EV or EV clusters under different charging/discharging strategies.Furthermore,parameter influences e.g.the price and design features of a reserve market on the reserve capability of EV are also analyzed.