高效X光背光源靶材料的研究进展

摘要

The composition, microstructure and density of the target materials are the key parameters to determinate the photon energy and intensity of the laser-induced X-ray backlight. Thus the classification of backlight targets, the preparation of target materials and the interaction between targets and high power laser were introduced in this paper. Underdense targets were more competitive than traditional dense targets among the backlight targets. Nano-structured foam targets, which could be classified into nanofiber targets and aerogel targets, were regarded as novel high-efficiency under-dense targets. Nanofiber, which was commonly prepared via electrospinning and thermal treatment, exhibited good formability and high concentration of emission atoms; while aerogel, which was prepared via sol-gel processes and supercritical fluid drying, possesses the advantages of homogeneous microstructure and theoretically high conver-sion efficiency, but accompanied with the disadvantages of complex synthetic processes and low concentration of emission atoms. To prepare monolithic aerogels with low density and high concentration of emission atoms via combined sol-gel theories may be the better design for the development of the laser-induced X-ray backlight.%靶材料的成分、微结构和密度是决定激光驱动X光背光源光子能量和强度的关键参数.基于此,介绍了背光源靶的分类、靶材料的制备及其与强激光的作用机制.背光源靶有着由稠密靶向欠稠密靶发展的趋势,其中,泡沫疏松靶以其操作安全和可选成分广泛等优点成为高效欠稠密靶.泡沫疏松靶材料又包含纳米纤维和气凝胶:纳米纤维是由静电纺丝结合热处理工艺制备的,具有成型性好、发光原子含量高等特点；而气凝胶靶则通过溶胶-凝胶技术结合超临界流体干燥工艺制备,其微结构均匀、理论转换效率高,但目前合成条件复杂、发光原子含量较低.结合多种溶胶-凝胶技术合成密度低、发光原子含量高的块体气凝胶将成为背光源制靶重要的研究方向.