全氟和多氟化合物替代品的研究进展

摘要

全氟和多氟化合物(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物(POPs),广泛应用于工业和人类日常生活用品中.此类化合物具有高能量的C-F共价键,因此具有优良的理化特性和生物稳定性.由于存在持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移以及毒性等问题,长链PFASs(C＞7)已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一,寻找能够替代PFASs的新型化合物具有重要意义.本文介绍了几种可能替代PFASs的新型氟化替代品,PFASs替代品在各类环境介质中的分布、持久性、人体暴露及毒性等几个方面进行了综述,特别对目前存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了讨论和展望,以期为PFASs替代品的环境污染及风险评估提供参考.%Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are an emerging kind of persistent organic pollutant currently widely used in industrial and daily life supplies.With high-energy C-F bonds,PFASs have excellent physical,chemical properties and biological stability and have drawn the attention of researchers all over the world due to their high persistence,bioaccumulation potential,toxicity and ubiquitous distribution in the environment,biota and humans.It is of vital importance to look for fluorinated alternatives to long-chain PFASs.This paper summarizes hot issues about PFASs alternatives,such as environmental distribution and behavior,persistence,human exposure and toxicity.The emphasis is laid on existing problems and future research perspectives so as to provide evidence for the investigation of existing problems and future research directions.