一种卡尔曼滤波算法的无线传感器网络仿真模型

摘要

Due to the influence of such factors as the communication node and location of a wireless sensor network ( WSN) , the communication links among many movable or fixed sensor nodes are limited , it is not favorable for the transmission of bulk data .To solve the problem , this paper first analyzes typical WSN node architecture , and estab-lishes a simulation model based on the Kalman filtering algorithm .The research is mainly focused on the signal tracking performance of the Kalman filtering algorithm , statistical graphs of network delay , throughput rate and er-ror rate are analyzed and thereby the stability of the algorithm is obtained .The simulation results show that the error rate keeps at 10-5 magnitude , the packet loss rate keeps at 10-2 magnitude and the end-to-end delay is less than 1 second , which well testifies the effectiveness and approximation of the simulation model .%受无线传感器网络通信节点和位置等因素影响，大量移动或者固定的传感器节点间的通信链路受限且不利于大块数据传输。为解决该问题，分析了典型的传感器节点体系结构，在OPNET平台上建立基于卡尔曼滤波算法的仿真模型。重点研究卡尔曼滤波算法对信号的跟踪性能，进而分析在传输过程中的网络时延和吞吐率以及误码率等统计量曲线图，分析算法的稳定性。仿真结果表明，误码率保持在10－5次方数量级，丢包率在10－2次方数量级，端到端时延控制在1s内，很好地验证了该仿真模型的有效性和逼近性。