2013-2015年柳州市活禽市场环境样本禽流感病毒检测结果分析

摘要

Objectives To understand the epidemic characteristics of avian influenza virus in the environment and provide scientific basis for taking measures to prevent human infected avian influenza. Methods The laboratory test results of the avian influenza virus from the live poultry markets’ environmental sample between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological research method. Results There were 360 environmental specimens from live poultry markets, of which the positive rate was 56.11% ( 202/360). Of 202 positive environmental samples, the positive rates of subtypes H5,H9 and H7 were 4.95% (10/202),43.56% (88/202) and 0 respectively, while that of mixed subtype H5/H9 was 22.7% (46/202). Of the five different kinds of specimens, polluted water for cleaning live poultries had the highest positive rate (77.03% , 57/74), and the positive rate of drinking water for live poultries was the second (63.16%,48/76) , following by wipe clothes for chopping board (56.34% , 40/71) and live poultry cages(50.72% , 35/69),while the stool sample had the lowest positive rate (31.43%,22/70).Conclusions Avian influenza virus detection rate in Liuzhou live poultry markets is relatively high and hygiene management measures should be reinforced to prevent human infected avian influenza.%目的：掌握柳州市活禽市场环境样本中禽流感病毒的流行特点，为预防和控制人感染禽流感提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法，分析2013—2015年柳州市活禽市场环境样本禽流感病毒实验室检测结果。结果2013—2015年柳州市共采集并检测活禽市场环境样本360份，检测阳性率为56.11%（202/360），202份阳性样本中 H5亚型阳性数占4.95%（10/202），H9亚型阳性数占43.56%（88/202），H5/H9混合亚型阳性数占22.77（46/202），H7亚型阳性数为0。5种不同类型样本中，阳性率最高的是清洗禽类的污水（77.03%，57/74），其余依次为禽类饮水（63.16%，48/76）、宰杀或摆放禽类案板表面擦拭子（56.34%，40/71）、笼具表面擦拭物（50.72%，35/69）和粪便（31.43%，22/70）。结论柳州市活禽市场环境样本禽流感病毒检出率较高，需加强活禽市场卫生管理工作，降低人禽流感的风险。