Objective To evaluate the location of the posterior superior alveolar artery and its relationship to the alveolar ridge and maxillary sinus by using cone beam computed tomography.Methods CBCT image data of 129 cases (74 male, 55 female) were observed through software company with the machine.On coronal scans, evaluation was made between where the artery was first and last seen.The distance between the lower border of the artery and the alveolar crest, bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest, distance from the ar-tery to the medial sinus wall, and the diameter and location of the artery were determined.Results The PSAA was observed in 79.07%of all sinuses.The artery diameters ranged from 0.49 to 2.09 mm with a mean value of(1.06 ±0.37) mm.On the screen of the artery which was first seen, the mean distance from the artery to the alveolar crest was(15.51 ±2.46)mm, and the bone height from the si-nus floor to the ridge crest was(6.56 ±2.91)mm.The mean distance from the artery to the medial sinus wall was(14.76 ±2.74) mm; on the screen of the artery which was last seen, the mean distance from the artery to the alveolar crest was(17.39 ±2.81)mm, and the bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest was(7.76 ±3.18)mm.The mean distance from the artery to the medial sinus wall was(15.37 ±2.85)mm.Conclusion The precise information of PSAA and maxillary sinus anatomy could be obtained by CBCT ob-servation before maxillary sinus surgery.%目的：通过锥体束CT（ CBCT）评估上牙槽后动脉（ PSAA）与牙槽嵴和上颌窦的位置关系。方法129例CBCT影像资料，使用自带分析软件观测。在冠状面扫描图像上，观察上颌窦外侧壁骨孔的位置和形态，测量其直径。根据首次出现和最终观察到的骨孔对动脉进行定位。分别测量动脉的下边界和牙槽嵴之间的距离，上颌窦窦底到牙槽嵴顶距离，动脉到窦内侧壁的距离。结果 PSAA的检出率为79．07％，直径2．09～0．49 mm，平均（1．06±0．37）mm。最先发现动脉处动脉下边界与牙槽嵴顶的平均距离（15．51±2．46）mm，窦底到牙槽嵴顶的平均距离（6．56±2．91）mm，动脉至上颌窦内侧壁的平均距离（14．76±2．74）mm。末次观测到动脉处动脉下边界与牙槽嵴顶的距离平均（17．39±2．81） mm，窦底到牙槽嵴顶的平均距离（7．76±3．18） mm，动脉至上颌窦内侧壁的平均距离（15．37±2．85）mm。结论上颌窦手术前使用CBCT观察可以获得关于PSAA和上颌窦解剖结构的详细信息。
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