北碚农业气候区划探析

摘要

[目的]分析并探讨重庆市北碚地区的农业气候区划.[方法]根据北碚地区一年三熟之主要农作物小麦(春性小麦、半冬性小麦)、水稻(中熟早稻、迟熟早稻、迟熟晚稻、一季中稻)、油菜所需热量和不同耕作方式及品种搭配的耕作区,利用统计分析方法,得到不同耕作方式及品种搭配的耕作区所需积温；根据北碚地区近30年各地年平均温度和年积温资料,结合各区域地形、海拔高度、降水量和土壤性质等因素,利用统计归类分析方法,对北碚地区进行农业气候区划.[结果]不同耕作方式及品种搭配的4类耕作区所需积温分别为:第1类耕作区年积温≥6 530℃,第2类耕作区6 530℃＞年积温≥6 350℃,第3类耕作区6 530℃＞年积温≥5 990℃积温,第4类耕作区年积温≤5 990℃；将北碚地区划分为浅丘平坝温热区、高丘温热区、单斜低山与岩溶槽谷温和区、低山岭脊温凉区4类农业气候区.[结论]利用4类农业气候区主要气候特征和4类耕作区所需积温,对北碚地区进行农业气候区划,可为合理安排作物种类、品种等提供指导,同时对稳定农业生产、提高农作物产量和品质以及增加农民收入具有重要指导与现实意义.%[Objective] The aim was to analyze and explore division of agro-climatic zones of Beibei District in Chongqing municipality.[Method] According to major triple-cropping crops in Beibei District,such as wheat (spring and winter),rice (midmaturation early season rice,later-maturation early rice,later-maturation late rice and middle-season rice),heat demanded by rapeseed,different cultivation methods and cultivation regions with different crop varieties,the accumulated temperatures in four cultivation regions featured by special cultivation methods and variety-matching are concluded.Based on average and accumulated temperatures in different locations in 30 y and other factors,such as terrain,elevation,rainfall and soil property,Beibei District can be classified into four agro-climatic zones.[Result] Four cultivation regions are as follows:the 1st cultivation region where accumulated temperature in T y is ≥6 530 ℃,the 2nd cultivation region where 6 530 ℃ ＜ accumulated temperature in T y≥6 350 ℃,the 3rd cultivation region where 6 530 ℃ ＜ accumulated temperature in T y≥5 990 ℃,and the 4th cultivation region where accumulated temperature in T y is ≤5 990 ℃.Beibei District can be classified into four agro-climatic zones,involving lower hill temperate zone,higher hill temperate zone,single-slope lower hills and karst temperate zone,and lower ridge cool zone.[Conclusion] Based on characters of four agro-climatic zones and accumulated temperatures required in four cultivation regions,agro-climatic zones can be classified in Beibei District,providing references for rational arrangement of crops and is of significance for stabilization of agricultural production,improvement of crops and increase of farmers' income.