土壤水分特征曲线自动检测系统的设计与应用

摘要

Objective] In order to better meet the requirement of crops on a more and more accurate water content under various planting environment of modern agri-culture, an automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve was designed by combining the conceptions of soil moisture content and soil water potential. [Method] Electronic soil moisture tension meter was used to determine the real-time tension value of soil moisture in the tested container, and the electronic Weigh sensor was used to determine soil Weigh. Minusing method was used to calculate soil moisture content, based on which the soil water characteristic curve was plotted. [Result] Through the filed survey of 2 different kinds of soil in Jiangsu Province, the results were as fol ows: soil of different composition showed different trend in soil water characteristic curve that the soil water characteristic relation of the sandy soil in the old course of the Yel ow River in Xuzhou was Y=-0.000 2X3+0.027 7X2-1.644 5X+38.161, R2=0.991 9; while the soil water characteristic relation of the saline-alkali soil in Jinhai Farm of Dafeng was Y=-0.00 2X2-0.426X+39.905, R2=0.991 3. [Con-clusion] The automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve soil water char-acteristics curve could reflect soil moisture content and soil water potential, as wel as reflect the effectiveness of soil water to plant growth, providing basis for the sci-entific irrigation.%[目的]为了更好地满足现代农业各种种植环境下作物对水分要求越来越精准，结合土壤含水量与土壤水分势能的概念，设计了土壤水分特征曲线自动检测系统。[方法]利用电子式土壤水分张力传感器实时测定供试盆钵中土壤水分的张力数值，同时采用电子式重量传感器测定土壤重量，利用差减法计算土壤含水量，并绘制土壤水分特征曲线。[结果]通过对江苏地区2种不同质地土壤实地测定得出：质地不同水分特征曲线走势不同,分别为：徐州地区黄河古道砂质土水分特征曲线关系式为 Y=-0.0002X3+0.0277X2-1.6445X+38.161，R2=0.9919；大丰金海农场盐碱土水分特征曲线关系式为 Y=-0.002X2-0.426X+39.905，R2=0.9913。[结论]土壤水分特征曲线自动检测系统可以同时反应土壤含水量和土壤水分势能状况，可反映土壤水分对植物生长的有效性，为科学灌溉提供依据。