主要栽培因素对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响

摘要

[目的]研究播期、密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量和施硼量6个主要栽培因素对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响。[方法]利用已有的研究资料和笔者的试验研究资料进行统计分析。[结果]产油量与播期呈负相关,与密度多呈一元二次抛物线关系，与氮肥施用量和硼肥施用量呈一元二次抛物线关系、与磷、钾肥呈直线相关关系。高油份品种（44.00%以上）获得最高产油量的施氮量平均为185.18 kg/hm2，在此条件下，它们的产油量平均为1442.60 kg/hm2，而含油率较低品种（42.00%以下）的产油量平均为1247.84 kg/hm2，高含油率品种产油量比含油率较低品种的产油量平均高15.61%。含油率较低品种获得最高产油量时的施氮量平均为286.28 kg/hm2，在此条件下，它们的产油量平均为1350.57 kg/hm2，而高含油率品种产油量比含油率较低品种的产油量平均高6.81%。油菜品种含油量与获得最高产油量的施氮间呈极显著负相关（-0.9800**）。甘蓝型优质杂交油菜高油份品种高产保优栽培措中氮、磷、钾、硼肥施用量分别为187.5-195、105-120、135-150、15-22.5 kg/hm2。密度和播期根据各地栽培习惯而定，贵州油菜移栽播期9月10日-16日，密度6×104-1.05×105株/hm2。[结论]该研究明确了播期、密度和施氮量对甘蓝型油菜产油量的影响，提出高油份品种高产保优栽培措施。%Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of six cultivation fac-tors: sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount, potash fertilizer amount and boron fertilizer amount on seed oil yield of Brassica napus. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Oil yield shared a negative correlation with sowing date, a parabolic relationship with plant density mostly, parabolic rela-tionships with amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer and amount of applied boron fer-tilizer, straight-line relationships with amount of applied phosphate fertilizer and amount of applied potash fertilizer. The average amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield was 185.18 kg/hm2 for high-oil rape varieties (with oil content above 44.00%), and under this condition, the average oil yield of low-oil rape varieties (with oil content below 42.00%) was 1 247.84 kg/hm2, while that of high-oil rape varieties was 1 442.60 kg/hm2, which was 15.61% more than the former. The average amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield for lower-oil rape varieties was 286.28 kg/hm2, and under this con-dition, the average oil yield of the low-oil rape varieties was 1 350.57 kg/hm2, while that of the high-oil varieties was 6.81% higher than it. There was a significant neg-ative correlation between rapeseed oil yield and the amount of applied nitrogen fer-tilizer to obtain the highest oil yield (0.980 0**). The optimum amount of applied ni-trogen, phosphate, potash and boron fertilizer were 187.5-195, 187.5-195, 105-120, 135-150 and 15-22.5 kg/hm2 for high-oil B. napus varieties. [Conclusion] This study determined the influence of sowing date, plant density and amount of applied nitro-gen fertilizer on oil yield of B. napus, and proposed an optimum cultivation pattern for high-oil varieties.