缓释肥及平衡施肥对干制辣椒氮磷钾吸收的影响

摘要

Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re-lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in al the fertilizer treat-ments, compared with those in control (no fertilizer). Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in-creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. ln treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza-tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza-tion. ln addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal-anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen-tal pol ution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.%通过田间试验的方法，研究2种缓释肥及平衡推荐施肥对干制辣椒干物质累积、经济产量、氮磷钾养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，各施肥处理较不施肥，干制辣椒植株干物质累积量、经济产量及果实对氮磷钾的累积吸收量显著增加。与习惯施肥处理相比较，平衡推荐施肥、缓释复合肥及脲精施用果实干重（或经济产量）及对氮磷钾的累积吸收量也均显著增加，其中，经济产量分别增加20.94%、17.5%、14.54%，果实氮的累积吸收量分别增加21.53%、18.46%、13.19%，果实磷的吸收量分别增加14.08%、15.76%、10.44%，果实钾的吸收量分别增加22.66%、15.73%、16.28%，肥料氮的利用率分别提高5.84%、7.14%、8.33%，肥料磷的利用率分别提高3.32%、3.27%、2.47%，但是由于钾的投入量增大，而导致肥料钾的利用效率降低，而且肥料氮、磷总体利用率偏低，仍待进一步研究。同时，平衡推荐施肥及2种缓释肥能减少氮的施用量20%～50%，从而降低了环境污染的风险，缓释肥还可以减少施肥次数，而大大降低劳动力成本。