濮阳旱涝灾害对稻麦类作物的影响及优化防御

摘要

分析了影响濮阳稻麦类作物生长发育和产量结构的旱涝灾害特点，探讨了不同程度灾害对稻麦类作物生长的危害，结果表明，旱涝灾害对稻麦类作物生长和产量危害较大，往往会影响到稻麦类作物产量的丰、欠。濮阳稻麦类作物"旱、涝"灾害的缓解防御技术主要是对灾害的"避、抗、减、补"，要合理利用农业气候资源，根据气候和灾害特点，选适宜品种，适时播种、合理作物布局，加深耕作层，等耕作方式和优化管理措施，从而减少灾害对作物的影响；并有针对性地加强旱涝灾害指标体系建立、监测、预警和防御，为确保粮食生产安全和防灾减灾提供提供科学基础和指导依据。%The research analyzed characters of rice/wheat growth and yield structure in Puyang and explored the effects of droughts and floods on the crops. The re-sults showed that droughts and floods had significant effects on crop growth and yield. In Puyang, the relieving and prevention technology of the disasters is con-cluded. Specifical y, it is recommended to make ful use of agricultural climate re-sources in a rational way and select suitable crop varieties according to climate and disaster characters, fol owed by timely sowing and scientific crop arrangement. What's more, ploughing should proceed in deeper soil layers and management measures should be optimized to reduce the effects of disasters on crops. In addi-tion to that, disaster index system should be reinforced in terms of establishment, monitoring, warning and prevention to lay scientific foundations and provide refer-ences for safe crop production and preventing and reducing disasters.