北方核桃芽接技术改良的研究

摘要

[目的]改变核桃嫁接成本居高不下的现状，拟通过技术手段降低苗木繁育成本。[方法]采用方块芽接方法以，分析砧木处理和剪砧时期对嫁接核桃生长状况和成本的影响。[结果]平茬的成活率高于不平茬的成活率，但可嫁接比例较不平茬的低了9个百分点，且平茬处理成本略高于不平茬处理的成本；不同剪砧时期造成的成本差异十分明显，嫁接后15 d剪砧成本是嫁接后1d剪砧成本的5倍。[结论]砧木不平茬可令苗木管理简单方便，虽成活率有所降低，但总体成本低；嫁接后嫁接口上部砧木去除时期越早越好，嫁接后5 d内剪除同，不仅可以提高苗木质量，还会大幅降低苗木管理成本。%Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means. [Method] Ef-fects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method. [Result] The sur-vival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping, and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%. The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable. The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting. [Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management, and the overal cost was lower though the sur-vival rate was reduced to a limited extent. Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect. Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings, but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.