杂交水稻制种父本机插秧与施肥方式对其群体生长发育的影响

摘要

In order to study the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode on population growth and development of the male parent in seed production of hybrid rice, three male parents, Huazhan, Shuhui 527 and R9311 were selected as materials. The male parents were transplanted by rice transplanter with two kinds of line spacing design, six lines with equal row spacing (20/25 cm × 30 cm) and wide and narrow spacing (20/25 cm × 40, 20 cm), and artificial transplanting with equal row spacing (20/25 cm × 30 cm) was set as the control. The three fertilization modes were applying for one, two and three times. The flowering stage and panicle-spikelet structure of the male parent were investigated. The results showed that the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode were little on the duration from seeding to heading; the panicles and spikelets of the three male parents were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting. The tiller number was increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for two and three times. Wide and narrow spacing by machine planting and fertilizing for three times were suitable for Huazhan, which significantly increased the number of spikelets per unit area. Furthermore, the number of spikelets per unit area of Shuhui 527 and R9311 were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for three times.%为探索杂交水稻制种父本机插秧及施肥方式对其群体生长发育的影响,选用华占、 蜀恢527和R9311三个父本为材料,设计等行距(20/25 cm×30 cm)和宽窄行距(20/25 cm×40、20 cm)两种6行父本插秧机移栽父本,以等行距(20/25 cm×30 cm)人工移栽作对照,并采用1、2、3次3种施肥方式处理,观察与考查供试父本开花期和穗粒构成.结果表明:机插方式和施肥方式对播始历期影响较小;3个父本采用机插秧能显著提高其群体单位面积有效穗数和颖花数;采用机插秧并分2次或3次施肥可增加其分蘖数;父本华占采用宽窄行机插秧,并以3次施肥,能够显著增加其单位面积颖花数,父本蜀恢527、R9311机插秧能够显著增加单位面积颖花数,并适宜3次施肥.