辣椒不同基因型品种长季节栽培产量与高温的关系

摘要

[目的]通过辣椒不同基因型品种长季节栽培,研究高温胁迫对辣椒产量影响,为辣椒专用育种和丰产栽培提供理论依据.[方法]本文通过辣椒早、中、晚熟不同基因型4个品种4次重复露地长季节栽培,整个生育期各温度阶段产量研究适温和高温及对辣椒结果和产量影响.[结果]辣椒结果最适宜的时间短,6月16日~7月15日和8月16日~9月15日,适温范围在20.70~30.74℃.日最高平均气温30.74℃以上高温1个月的7月16日至8月15日,辣椒1号和辣椒1-1号产量是日最高平均气温30.74℃以下适温1个月产量最高峰段的38.21%和51.74%,早熟1号和晚熟1号辣椒分别为48.1%和72.38%,产量显著和极显著受到抑制.供试品种夏季高温胁迫后夏秋季产量,辣椒1号、 辣椒1-1号和晚熟1号辣椒较早熟1号辣椒增产达极显著水平(P<0.01),其中辣椒1号和辣椒1-1号7月15日高温前(1个半月)的前期产量与高温至10月15日(3个月)后期产量的百分比分别为42.34:57.66和39.50:60.50,,早熟1号辣椒相应为47.99:52.21,晚熟1号辣椒相应为20.25:79.75.[结论]辣椒不同栽培方式适宜选育专用品种.辣椒栽培应提前育苗,带花蕾壮苗定植,早管早发,把辣椒开花结果的盛期安排在适温范围.%[Objective] The aim was to research effects of high temperature stress on pepper yield by cultivation of peppers in different genotypes and provide theoretical references for pepper breeding and high-yield cultivation. [Method] Four pepper varieties were studied with varied genotypes to explore effects of temperatures on pepper fruiting and yield in the whole growth stage. [Result] The optimal-temperatre term for pepper blooming and fruiting were shorter. For example, the periods from June 16 to July 15 and from August 16 to September 15 would be the best, with temperature ranging from 20.70 ℃ to 30.74 ℃. In the stage from July 16 to August 15, the temperature range of 24.22 ℃ -32.17 ℃ would severely affect pepper growth and yield. Pepper No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1's yields were just 38.21% and 51.74% of the yields in the stage 1st and 52.01% and 62.35% in the stage 3rd and early No. 1 and late No. 1 were 48.1% and 72.38%, respectively. Under high temperature stress in summer, pepper No. 1, pepper No. 1-1, and late No. 1 showed extremely significant differences with early No. 1 (P<0.01). The yield ratios of pepper No. 1 and pepper No. 1-1 in stage 1st (May 25-July 15) and the later three stages were 42.34:57.66 and 39.50:60.50; the ratio was 47.99:52.21 of early No. 1;the ratio of late No. 1 was 20.25:79.75. [Conclusion] The cultivation approaches should vary upon pepper variety, necessitating the focus on pepper management,fertilization, and irrigation, and locating peak-blooming term in moderate-temperature stage to accelerate pepper growth.