黄土区保护性耕作对春玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响

摘要

This research is based on the implement of tillage and ncrtillage farming with straw mulching , plastic film mulching , straw and plastic film mulching or without mulching to study the changes of spring maize yield and soil fertility. The result shows : On the basis of tillage without mulching spring maize yield is 6 212 .75 kg/hm , straw mulching increases yield by 45 .67% compared with no mulching , plastic film mulching increases yield by 47 .24% , straw and plastic film mulching increases yield by 73 .24% ; On the basis of ncrtillage with straw mulching the yield increases only by 3 .07% compared with no mulching , and plastic film mulching increases yield by 28 .91% , while straw and plastic film mulching increases yield by 38 .74% . Compared with tillage farming , ncrtillage farming increases yield by 19 .69% in no mulching condition , but it decreases yield by 15 .31% in straw mulching condition . Under the same farming method , water use efficiency trend is straw and plastic film mulching > plastic film mulching>straw mulching> no mulching , water use efficiency of ncrtillage farming reduces at an average of 11.56% compared with tillage farming . Soil organic matter content under straw mulching rises by 0 .62 g/kg compared with no mulching while that under plastic film mulching drops by 0 .30 g/kg . The content of available P under plastic film mulching is the lowest , it declines at an average of 2 .93 mg /kg compared with no mulching . The content of available K of ncrtillage farming increased 9 .54 mg/kg compared with tillage farming , but there is no significant changes of total P .%在黄土区春玉米地实施免耕和传统耕作的基础上,研究了秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆地膜双覆盖以及不覆盖下春玉米产量和土壤肥力的变化.结果表明:传统耕作下不覆盖的产量为6 212.75 kg/hm2,秸秆覆盖比不覆盖增产45.67%,地膜覆盖增产47.24%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产幅度可达73.24%;免耕下秸秆覆盖比不覆盖仅增产了3.07%,地膜覆盖产量增加了28.91%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产38.74%.不覆盖时免耕较传统耕作增产19.69%,秸秆覆盖下免耕的产量比传统耕作减少了15.31%.在同一耕作方式下水分利用效率表现为秸秆地膜双覆盖＞地膜覆盖＞秸秆覆盖＞不覆盖,相同覆盖时免耕水分利用效率比传统耕作平均降低了11.56%.秸秆覆盖土壤有机质含量较不覆盖平均增加了0.62 g/kg,地膜覆盖则降低了0.30 g/kg.地膜覆盖速效磷含量最低,较不覆盖平均下降了2.93 mg/kg.免耕时土壤速效钾含量较传统耕作增加了9.54 mg/kg,而全磷含量与传统耕作的差异最小.