为了筛选适合渭北黄土高原苹果园的节水灌溉方式,以陕富6号苹果为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式下0～1 m土壤含水率的动态变化规律、土壤储水量和水分利用效率.结果表明:(1)3～10月份,不同层次土壤含水率由高到低为:膜下滴灌＞膜下沟溉≈滴灌＞沟灌＞不灌溉,覆膜与不覆膜之间比较,膜下沟灌＞沟灌,膜下滴灌＞滴灌.(2)6月15日灌溉后,随着时间推移,各层次土壤含水率呈降低的变化趋势,土层越深土壤含水率波动越小;膜下滴灌和膜下沟灌的土壤含水率的波动低于滴灌和沟灌.(3)膜下滴灌区土壤的储水量大于滴灌,膜下沟灌的储水量大于沟灌.(4)从产量和水分利用效率来看,膜下滴灌最高,膜下沟灌高于沟灌.总之,覆膜能提高土壤含水率和水分利用效率,膜下滴灌在节水的条件下,还保持了最高的土壤含水率和土壤储水量,适合在渭北黄土高原果园节水灌溉中应用.%In order to choose a water-saving and water conservation pattern suitable for Weibei apple orchard , the trees of Shannxi Fuji 6 were used as research materials to study the effects of different types of irrigation on soil water dy- namic and soil water storage within 0~l m soil layer . The results showed that: (1) As for soil water content, drip irrigation under mulch was the highest among 5 treatments , then irrigation under mulch and drip irrigation , the furrow irrigation third , while they were all higher then no-irrigation . (2 ) After an irrigation on June 15 , the soil water content decreased with the increase of days after irrigation , while the fluctuation got smaller in deeper soil layer; the fluctuation of soil water in drip irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigation under mulch was smaller then that in drip irrigation and fur- row irrigation . (3 ) The water content in drip irrigation under mulch was higher than in drip irrigation , while that in furrow irrigation under mulch was higher than in furrow irrigation . (4) The apple yield and WUE in drip irrigation under mulch were higher than in other methods of irrigation . The apple yield and WUE in drip irrigation under mulch were higher than in drip irrigation , and those in furrow irrigation under mulch were higher than in furrow irrigation . In a ward , irrigation under mulch could improve soil water content and WUE , and drip irrigation under mulch was a suitable water-saving and water conservation pattern for Weibei apple orchard , which could not only save water , but also maintain higher soil water content.
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