作物残茬覆盖对农田土壤风蚀的影响

摘要

为定量评价干旱半干旱地区农田土壤抗风蚀效果,采用移动式风洞及其配套测试系统对内蒙古武川县上秃亥乡农田地表进行了原位测试研究.结果表明,不同风速下土壤风蚀量随作物残茬盖度的增加呈指数规律减少;40%以上残茬盖度可明显提高土壤颗粒起动风速并减少风蚀量;当风速为14～18 m/s时,地表作物残茬盖度为 60%～80%具有较好的抗风蚀效果.%In order to evaluate the farmland's resistance effects to wind erosion quantitatively in the arid and semiarid regions, field experiments were carried out by employing the movable wind erosion tunnel and its support equipment in Wuchuan county, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that the amount of soil wind erosion decreases exponentially with stubble coverage rate increasing at different wind velocities, the starting velocities of the soil particles can be increased obviously and the amount of soil wind erosion can be decreased correspondingly when the stubble coverage rate comes up to 40%, and the farmland will have better resistance capacity to wind erosion when the wind velocities are 14 ～ 18 m/s and the stubble coverage rates are 60% ～ 80%.