比较不同时期缺水和灌水对冬小麦产量的影响,对于开展节水灌溉和干旱影响评估有重要意义.根据2008-2010两个年度冬小麦田间水分控制试验,利用盈亏指标和水分影响率分析了不同时期缺水和灌水对冬小麦最终产量及产量构成要素的影响,结果表明:缺水和灌水对作物产量构成及最终产量影响最明显的时期并不完全一致;分蘖～越冬期灌水对成穗数的贡献率最大,为0.14％/mm,而拔节～抽穗期缺水导致的成穗数亏损率最高,达0,32％/mm,返青～拔节期、抽穗～灌浆期缺水和灌水分别对穗粒数和千粒重影响较大.拔节～抽穗期缺水对产量的影响率达-0.33％/mm,而灌水对产量影响率最高的时期为返青～拔节期,为0.35％/mm.%Comparing the affect of water deficit and irrigation on yield in different growing stage of winter wheat has significant sense for water saving irrigation and drought influence assessment. Based on two years' field water controlling experiments of winter wheat during 2008 and 2010, Profit & Loss Index (PLI), as well as Water Influence Rate (WIR) was introduced for analyzing the affect of water deficit and irrigation on final yield and yield' s structure in different growing stage. The results explained that: the most obvious period which drought and irrigation effected on yield structure and final yield didn't appear at the same time. The wheatear number increased most at 0.14%/mm when irrigation between tillering and overwintering stage, however, decreased 0.32%/mm if lack of water during shooting - heading stage. Treatment of drought and irrigation in turning green ~ shooting stage and heading ~ grain filling stage conduced grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel varied greatly respectively. As for final yield, WIR was - 0.33%/mm if water deficit during shooting- heading stage, while reached at 0.35%/mm if watering at turning green ~ shooting stage.
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