白菜型冬油菜和春油菜杂交后代抗寒性与植物学特性

摘要

This study had carried on the preliminary analysis and research on temperature sensitivity (winterness and springness ) ,botanical characteristics , and overwintering rates of filial generations for hybrids between winter type turnip rape (Brassica rapa ,Longyou7 and Longyou9 strong in cold hardiness ) and spring type turnip rape (Brassica ra-pa ,Parkland) .The results showed that all of the F1 generation from hybridization between Longyou7 ,Longyou9 and Parkland presented winterness ,which meant winterness was dominant .And the winterness and springness were separated in F2 and BC1 generations .The separation ratio within F2 generation was 4∶1 and the ratio within BC1 generation when Parkland was used as the recurrent parent was 1∶1 .When Longyou7 and Longyou9 were used as the recurrent parents , the separate ratio was 4∶1 .Additionally ,while wintering rates were used as the indexes of cold hardiness ,the results in-dicated that cold resistance of filial generations from Longyou7 and Parkland was stronger than that from Longyou9 and Parkland ,which was consistent with winterness of parents .The cold resistance strength for each generation was in the following order :BC1 with winternss as recurrent parents>F2>F1>BC1 with springnss as recurrent parents .Moreover , correlation and grey correlation analyses showed that overwintering rates were closely related with the main biological char-acteristics ,and the related degree was as the follows :heart leaves>growth habit>winter and spring sex> leaf color . The analysis results showed that the plant morphological characteristics had close relations with cold hardiness .Generally speaking ,seedlings with purple heart leaves ,light green or dark green leaves ,and prostrate or erect growth ,were likely to possess the large wintering rates and strong cold resistance .%对强抗寒性白菜型冬油菜陇油7号和陇油9号与优质白菜型春油菜品种Parkland杂交后代群体的感温性（冬春性）、植物学特性、越冬率等进行了初步分析研究。结果表明：（1）两个杂交组合的F1代植株全部表现为冬性，可见冬性为显性，F2代和BC1冬春性发生分离，F2代冬春性均符合4∶1的分离，而BC1中以Parkland为轮回亲本时，后代冬春性符合1∶1的分离，以陇油7号和陇油9号为轮回亲本时，后代冬春性之比为4∶1。（2）以越冬率为抗寒指标分析发现陇油7号× Parkland杂交后代的抗寒性比陇油9号× Parkland杂交后代抗寒性强，这与冬性亲本抗寒性强弱一致，各世代抗寒性强弱依次是：以冬性为轮回亲本的BC1＞F2＞F1＞春性为轮回亲本的BC1。（3）相关性和灰色关联分析表明，越冬率与冬春杂交后代主要生物学特性紧密相关，相关程度依次为：心叶色＞生长习性＞冬春性＞叶色。分析得出，植株形态特征与抗寒性有密切的关系，一般心叶为紫色、叶色深绿或浅绿、匍匐或半直立生长的幼苗，其越冬率较大，抗寒性较强。