灌浆天数对北方白菜型冬油菜产量和品质的影响

摘要

为了研究北方白菜型冬油菜在灌浆成熟过程中产量和品质性状的特征特性变化,以白菜型冬油菜陇油12号和09鉴8为材料,分析冬油菜在终花后10、20、30、40、45d的植株、角果、籽粒形态和干鲜重,产量和品质性状的变化.结果表明,随着籽粒灌浆成熟,植袜和角果颜色呈墨绿—青绿—黄绿—蜡黄—肤白色变化.角果中籽粒大小呈小—大—小变化,种子颜色呈绿色—褐绿相间—褐色—紫色—黑色变化.植株、角果、籽粒鲜重呈先增加后降低的单峰变化曲线,基本呈抛物线状,且分别在终花后20、30、40d鲜重达到最大,而植株、角果、籽粒干重呈先增加后保持不变的变化趋势.同时千粒重、单株产量、经济系数也呈先增加后保持不变的S型增长曲线,且在终花后30 d达到最大,之后保持不变.相关分析表明,灌浆时间长短与籽粒鲜重、千粒重、经济系数呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.991、0.962、0.968(P＜ 0.01);与单株产量、含油率呈显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.947、0.940 (P＜ 0.05);与蛋白质呈显著的负相关关系,相关系数为-0.886(P＜ 0.05).通过主成分分析方法打分,各处理的综合得分排名为40 d＞45 d＞30 d＞20 d＞ 10 d,因此,籽粒灌浆天数对白菜型冬油菜的产量和品质影响明显.综合评价得出,蜡黄期(约终花后40 d)产量和品质等性状达到最佳,是收获的最适宜时期.%The experiment was conducted to study the yield and quality of winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) during filling maturity in north China to better guide harvest timely,and to improve the yield and quality.Analysis of plant morphogenesis alterations,plant dry and fresh weight,pods and seeds,yield and quality of winter rapeseed after final flowering 10,20,30,40 d,and 45 d involved in Longyou 12 and 09 jian 8.The results showed that the color of pods and plants was bottle green,dark green,laurel green,kelly green and skin white,respectively,along with the filling maturity.The shape of seeds is characterized with the small-big-small tendency,and the color exhibits green-brown -green-brown-purple-black changes successively.Plant,pods and seed fresh weight,showing a single peak curve like a parabola that first increased and then decreased,reached the maximum 20,30,40 d after flowering,respectively,and the plant,pod,grain dry weight increased and then were kept constant.Seed weight,seed yield and economical coefficient exhibited S type rise curve with the peak at 30 d after flowering.The seed fresh weight,the weight of 1 000 seeds,and economical coefficient showed significant positive correlation with grain filling time,and theircorrelation coefficient was 0.991,0.962,0.968,respectively.grain filling time also had a significant (P ＜ 0.05) positive correlations with individual plant yield and oil content,and the correlation coefficient was 0.947and 0.940,respectively.And it had a significant (P ＜ 0.05) negative correlations with protein leveland the correlation coefficient was-0.886.The rank was 40 d ＞ 45 d ＞ 30 d ＞ 20 d ＞ 10 d by integrated evaluation of the main components.So,the grain filling time had a significant effect on the yield and quality of winter rapeseed,and the sallow period about after final flowering 40 d is the most suitable period to harvest when the yield and quality are best.