To research water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution for high yielding winter wheat in North Xinjiang,four drip irrigation amount treatments,i.e.W1 (2 550,2 325 m3· hm-2),W2 (3 450,3 000 m3·hm-2),W3(4 350,3 675 m3·hm-2),and W4(5 250,4 350 m3·hm-2),were applied in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 years.We measured the leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation,and moisture contents at 0 ～ 140 cm soil layers.The results showed that increase in drip water amount improved moisture contents mainly at the 0 ～ 60 cm soil layers,while reduced the storage consumption of 60 ～ 140 cm soil layers with a range of 225 ～ 900 m3 ·hn-2 from booting and filling stage.The consumption of W4 was reduced by about 50％ compared with W1,from booting and maturity stages.Increase in yield was not significant when total drip water amount being above 3 675 m3· hm-2.The effect of precipitation was very small on winter wheat yield,but irrigation amount played a decisive role in the yield and WUE of winter wheat.The proposed drip water amount was 3 450 ～ 3 675 m3· hm-2 for the whole growth period of winter wheat in North Xinjiang,with a yield level of 6 737.4 ～ 8 604.1 kg· hm-2.%在2013 2014年、2014 2015年田间试验研究了W1(2 550、2 325 m·hm-2),w2(3 450、3000m3·hm-2),W3(4 350、3 675 m3·hm-2),W4(5 250、4 350 m3·hm-2)4种滴水量处理对0～ 140 cm土层含水量及小麦叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累分配、水分利用效率及产量等的影响.结果表明,拔节至灌浆期间,在每次滴水225～ 900m3·hm-2的范围内,增加滴水量主要直接增加0～60 cm土层含水量,间接减少60～ 140 cm土层储水消耗量,W4土壤储水消耗较W1减少50％左右;增加拔节至成熟期间冬小麦群体叶面积指数、光合势;增加干物质积累量和花后光合产物对子粒的贡献率,降低花前营养器官贮藏物向子粒的转移量、转移率和其对子粒的贡献率,增加产量、降低灌溉水利用效率.总滴水量大干3 675 m3·hm-2(其中,拔节至灌浆期间的滴水量大干2 700 m3·hm-2)增产不显著,并且大幅度降低灌溉水利用效率.降水量对冬小麦产量形成影响很小,灌水量对小麦产量和水分利用效率起决定性作用;北疆冬小麦全生育期适宜总滴水量为3 450～3 675 m3· hm-2(其中,拔节期、孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期各450 ～ 675 m3· hm-2),可以获得的产量是6 737.4～8 604.1 kg·hm-2.
展开▼
