分蘖期干旱胁迫下养分管理对双季晚稻生长及产量的调控效应

摘要

In order to promote rice production in the harsh environments of mountain and hills areas,we conducted five nutrient management methods including adding K fertilizer + spraying clean water(T1),foliage spraying 0.2％ ZnSO4(T2),adding K fertilizer + foliage spraying 0.2％ ZnSO4(T3),raising the ratio of N fertilizer in elongation stage + spraying clean water(T4),conventional fertilization + spraying clean water (CK),with the objective of elucidating the effect of the nutrient management methods on the growth and development,yield components and yield of double cropping late rice under drought stress condition.The results revealed significant difference among the five nutrient management methods () the growth and development and yield of double cropping late rice under drought stress condition during tillering stage,with the order of T3 ＞ T1 ＞ T2 ＞ T4 ＞ CK.T3 effectively increased tiller number,the seedling peak value,and number of effective tillers,significantly elevated the SPAD value,the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaf,root activity at elongation stage and full heading stage,with a range of increase by 2.19％ ～ 25.22％ compared with CK.In addition,it significantly increased single plant dry matter weight above ground at stem elongation stage and full heading stage and maturity stage,improving the dry matter accumulation of plant by 5.47 ％ and 8.05 ％ and 7.22 ％ compared with CK,respectively.Furthermore,the yield components including the effective panicles number per hectare,filled grain number per panicle,total grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were significantly enhanced.Finally,the highest yield level was achieved for T3 under drought stress,reaching 10.07 t· hm-2 and being 6.34％,7.70％,14.17％ and 25.56％ higher than T1,T2,T4,and CK respectively.%针对丘陵双季稻区易发生季节性干旱导致养分供应受阻、水稻生长发育受影响、产量下降等问题,研究了干旱条件下5种养分管理措施(即T1:增施钾肥+喷清水;T2:叶面喷施0.2％ ZnSO4;T3:增施钾肥+叶面喷施肥0.2％ ZnSO4;T4:提高后期施N比例+喷清水;CK:常规施肥+喷清水)对双季晚稻生长发育、产量形成以及产量的影响.结果表明,分蘖期干旱胁迫下,不同养分管理对双季晚稻生长发育和产量的影响具有明显的差异,其影响程度由强到弱依次为:T3＞ T1＞ T2＞ T4＞ CK.T3在分蘖期干旱胁迫下能有效促进水稻分蘖能力,提升苗峰值和有效分蘖数,最高分蘖数比CK高7.26％,并显著提高拔节期和齐穗期的叶片SPAD值、叶片光合速率和叶片蒸腾速率以及根系活力,同时还显著增加拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期地上部单株干物重,改善植株干物质的积累,其增幅分别在2.19％ ～ 25.22％,从而显著提高双季晚稻每公顷有效穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒和结实率等产量构成因素,最终使双季晚稻在干旱胁迫条件下获得较高产量.T3的产量在所有处理中最高,达10.07 t·hm-2,分别比T1、T2、T4及CK高6.34％、7.70％、14.17％和25.56％.