航空航天用增材制造金属结构件的无损检测研究进展

摘要

增材制造技术成形工艺的特殊性给无损检测带来了新的挑战,存在各向异性和检测盲区大等问题.为此,国内外研究者开展了增材制造金属结构件的无损检测方法研究.简要概述增材制造技术在航空航天领域的应用情况,同时结合无损检测各方法应用特点,介绍针对增材制造金属结构件的超声、射线、工业CT和荧光渗透等多种无损检测方法的应用和研究现状,分析总结了相关无损检测标准,并指出了增材制造金属结构件无损检测未来的发展方向,即高精度无损检测技术、原位监测方法和标准化体系的构建.%Additive manufacturing bring challenges for the nondestructive testing techniques, anisotropic and large non detection zone were the major obstacles. Therefore, researchers in the world have studied the NDT for additive manufacturing. The application of metal additive manufacturing technology in aeronautics and astronautics was introduced. The application features of NDT methods were analyzed, the research progress on nondestructive testing of metal additive manufacturing was introduced, including UT, RT, CT and FPT. The related nondestructive testing standards are analyzed. The future development direction of NDT for additive manufacturing metal components is pointed out, that is, high precision NDT, in-situ monitoring and the construction of standardization system.