航空航天轻质金属材料电弧熔丝增材制造技术

摘要

航空航天轻质化、高性能整体结构日趋广泛的应用,对高效、低成本快速研制提出了迫切的要求.电弧熔丝增材制造与其他金属3D打印技术相比,具有制造成本低、成形效率高等特点,为解决这一问题提供了可能.综述了国内外铝合金、钛合金等轻质金属材料电弧熔丝增材制造技术的研究现状,指出了目前存在的主要问题及发展方向.最后,分析了电弧熔丝增材制造大型构件的应力与变形控制、路径规划软件、成形过程在线监控与反馈控制等共性关键技术的发展趋势.%Light-weight integrated large components with high properties in aviation and aerospace industry are re-quired to be manufactured efficiently and cheaply. Low cost and high deposition rate make wire and arc additive manufac-turing (WAAM) a more suitable candidate for manufacturing the large scale and medium complexity parts, comparing with other 3D printing technologies. The development including the existing problems and feasible solution methods of alumi-num and titanium WAAM technology is reviewed in this paper. The key technologies in the manufacturing large WAAM components, such as control of internal stress and strain, path planning and online monitoring, are also discussed.