记忆合金自调节式高效微型节流制冷器机理研究

摘要

为设计高效记忆合金自调节式节流制冷器，介绍了自调节式节流制冷器的工作原理，给出利用记忆合金驱动阀针进行流量调节的机理。对记忆合金通过控制节流阀针的位移调节制冷工质流量过程进行计算分析，模拟了在不同初始高压和节流孔径的条件下，节流制冷器流量随调节阀针位移的变化关系。为实现螺旋翅片管换热器高效换热，对其进行了系统的强化换热分析，分别对内管管径、芯管管径以及翅片尺寸等影响其换热效率的多参数进行优化，得出提高制冷器效率的有效途径。%For the purpose of designing a new high-efficiency miniature cryocooler regulated by shape memory alloy (SMA), the regulating mechanism is analyzed and demonstrated in this paper.The flux of the cryocooler is determined by the needle valve which is controlled by the SMA.The flux changes regu-larly as the needle vale moves, and the flux at different initial conditions are demonstrated.Besides, the optimization analysis of the heat exchanger is carried out to improve the efficiency of the cryocooler.The effects of the structure parameters, both inner and outer side of the tube, on heat transfer are analyzed and discussed in detail, and the effective way to improve the efficiency of JT cryocooler is obtained.