波浪作用下非恒定输沙规律研究进展

摘要

It is of great importance to study wave-driven unsteady sand transport processes for predicting the magnitude and direction of net sand transport rate. After introducing experimental observations on unsteady sand transport in large-scale oscillatory water tunnels&wave flumes and field measurements over the past two decades, this paper thoroughly reviews the quantitative parameterizations of phase-lag effect and constructions of representative semi-unsteady net transport rate predictors,and discusses the key aspects to be solved. Future research endeavors should address the mechanism of unsteady sand transport under different wave conditions (i. e. breaking waves, infragravity waves, and wave¤t interactions, etc. ), the sand exchange processes between successive half wave cycles, furthermore, and the unsteady transport processes of non-uniform sands including their vertical sorting processes, etc.%为了准确计算一个波浪周期内净输沙率的大小和方向，需要研究波浪作用下非恒定泥沙输移规律。介绍了过去20多年国内外学者在大型往复流水道和波浪水槽中开展的非恒定输沙试验以及原型观测结果，总结了相位滞后效应参数的定量刻画以及不同半非恒定净输沙率模式的构建，探讨了现阶段需要着重解决的关键问题。指出未来需要重点研究不同波况(包括波浪破碎、长波、波流相互作用等)下颗粒的起动延迟或沉降延迟造成的非恒定输沙过程的动力机制，准确刻画泥沙在波浪前、后多个半周期内的交换关系并将其反映在净输沙率的计算公式中；此外还需要深入研究非均匀沙的非恒定输沙过程(包括垂向分选等)，并构建相应的净输沙率计算公式。