海河流域农田水循环模式与水平衡要素

摘要

Based on the present status and development of the agriculture in the Haihe River Basin, the driving mechanism of the agricultural water cycle is analyzed and the agricultural dualistic water cycle scheme is proposed in this paper. The agricultural water cycle mechanism is also presented. Water balance factors such as the input water volume, drainage water volume, plant water volume, and the evapo-transpiration were calculated according to the structure and pattern of agricultural water cycle. The analysis of the dualistic water cycle scheme and the calculated fluxes indicates that the effective utilization of precipitation and the evapo-transpiration of farmlands is increasing, and the agricultural system return flow is decreasing due to the changes of planting structure and farming mode. Based on the analyzed results, some regulation measures for the Haihe River Basin were proposed, including the water-saving irrigation as well as the dry land farming development.%基于海河流域农业的现状与发展，分析了海河流域农田水循环的驱动机制，提出了海河流域农田综合二元水循环模式，揭示了农田水循环的机制，并根据农田水循环的结构与模式分析了海河流域农田水循环的各项输入输出等水平衡要素。对海河流域农田水循环模式和通量的分析结果表明，海河流域种植结构和耕作方式的改变使有效降水利用量增加，蒸散发的输出量整体增加，农业系统退水量减少。根据海河流域农田水循环模式和通量的分析结果，提出了海河流域农田水循环的调控措施，包括节水灌溉、发展旱地农业等。