岩溶含水层水流模型研究进展

摘要

The complex construction of a karst aquifer and the characteristics of flow movement being the key points, physical concepts of karst aquifer systems and numerical models for water flow, including the equivalent continuous medium model, fracture network model, double medium model, triple medium model, continuous flow pipe coupling model, and Darcy-Stokes coupling model, are briefly introduced. The characteristics of these models as well as their advantages and disadvantages in application are analyzed and compared. The results show that the Darcy-Stokes coupling model can be widely applied in microscopic study of flow simulation of a karst aquifer, and the triple medium model can simulate the state of water flow in a simple karst aquifer, having a higher applied value and extremely broad prospects for development. The existing numerical models for karst water flow movement, which cannot actually solve the practical engineering problems, should be further explored. Research on the mechanism of unsaturated flow in a karst aquifer, the hydraulic characteristics of a crossed karst fissure, hydrological uncertainty, and numerical modeling of multi-field coupling should also be further developed.%以岩溶含水层的复杂结构和水流运动特性为重点，简要阐述了岩溶含水层系统中物理概念和水流模型，包括等效连续介质模型、裂隙网络模型、双重介质模型、三重介质模型、连续管流耦合模型以及Darcy-Stokes耦合模型，对各模型特点及在应用中的优缺点进行了分析比较和评述，指出Darcy-Stokes耦合模型可以广泛应用于岩溶含水层的水流模拟细观研究；三重介质模型能较真实反映简单结构岩溶含水介质及岩溶水流态复杂性，应用和发展前景非常广阔。已有岩溶水流运动数学模型还不能够真正解决工程实际问题，有待进一步探索；在岩溶含水层非饱和水流运动机理、交叉岩溶裂隙水力特性、水文地质不确定性以及多场耦合数学模型研究等方面也有待进一步发展。