非跟踪低倍聚光热管式真空管集热器的实验研究

摘要

太阳能是一种取之不尽用之不竭的清洁能源，但存在分散性强、能量密度低、不稳定等特点，因此为了得到高能量密度和稳定的能量供应，需要解决聚光和储能两大问题。针对这两个问题，本文采用非跟踪低倍聚光的集热器和保温效果良好的储热油箱，提出了一种非跟踪低倍聚光热管式真空管集热器；基于几何光学原理，模拟了热管式真空管和半圆聚光器的不同放置方式和位置的聚光效率，制作了半圆形聚光热管式真空管集热器系统，选择了合适的储热油箱并进行了保温效果的理论计算；最后对该系统进行了集热性能测试实验。实验结果表明，在半圆形聚光器的聚光下，系统的瞬时效率截距为0.66，热损系数为2.53 W/(m2·℃)。该系统完全能够满足人们的日常生活用热的需求，具有良好的应用前景。%Solar Energy is a clean and inexhaustible energy source, but it has disadvantages of strong dispersion, low energy density and instability. In order to obtain high energy density and stable energy supply, the problems of solar concentrator and energy storage should be solved. Using the non-tracking low concentrator and solar hot fluid tank with good heat preservation effect, the non-tracking low concentrating heat-pipe evacuated tubular solar collector was proposed. Based on the principle of geometrical optics, the light collecting efficiency of the system was simulated under different relative positions between the vacuum collector tubes with heat pipes and semicircle concentrator. The heat preservation effect of the solar hot fluid tank was calculated. Moreover, the collector system was made and the solar collecting performance was tested. The experimental results showed that the best instantaneous efficiency of the system was 0.66 and the coefficient of the thermal loss was 2.53 W/(m2·°C). The system can meet the needs of people’s daily life and has good application prospects.