The clinical data and CSF cytology of 10 patients diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 38 patients diagnosed as virus encephalitis in the past 2 years were collected and analyzed. There were no significant differences of gender ratio, age, disease duration and the incidence of fever, headache, positive pathological signs, disturb-ance of consciousness between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and virus encephalitis. The incidence of involuntary move-ment, seizure, psychiatric disorder and the EEG abnormality rate in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were higher than that of virus encephalitis, but the incidence of meningeal sign was lower than that of virus encephalitis. The number of cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell and multiple nuclear cell ratio of patients with anti-NMDAR en-cephalitis were lower than that of virus encephalitis, but the occurrence rate of plasma cell was higher.%收集10例抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体( NMDAR)脑炎及38例病毒性脑炎患者临床资料,分析其临床表现、实验室检查、影像学、脑电图及脑脊液细胞学异同. 抗NMDAR脑炎患者的性别比、年龄、病程以及发热、头痛、病理征、意识障碍的发生率与病毒性脑炎组无明显差异;不自主运动、癫痫发作、精神行为异常的发生率及脑电图异常率高于病毒性脑炎组,脑膜刺激征阳性率低于病毒性脑炎组;抗NMDAR脑炎脑脊液白细胞数及多个核细胞比值低于病毒性脑炎组,而脑脊液细胞学浆细胞出现率高于病毒性脑炎组.
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