东黑冠长臂猿鸣叫声谱分析

摘要

We used a Sony TC-D5 Pro2 recorder,a Sony C-76 directed microphone and a Sony tape recorder to record call bouts of three groups of eastern black crested gibbons (Nomascus nasutus) from September 2007 to June 2009 in Bangliang Nature Reserve,Guangxi.Signal/RTS 4.0 was used to analyze the sonograms of five high quality bouts for each group.Call frequency of eastern black crested gibbon was quite high,sometimes reaching or exceeding 5 kHz.Adult males produced boom,aa notes,pre-modulated notes and modulated phrases,whereas adult females produced great calls.Adult males and mated females coordinated to produce complex duets,which usually began with and ended with the male call.We also compared the duet structure of eastern black crested gibbon with western black crested gibbon (N.concolor) and Hainan gibbon (N.hainanus).Both male and female calls and their coordinated duet sequences showed obvious differences between the three species.Sonogram characters,based on our results,therefore support the division of these groups of Nomascus into the current three species.%2007年9月至2009年6月,利用Sony TC-D5 Pro2录音机、Sony C-76指向性话筒和Sony录音磁带对广西邦亮自然保护区3群东黑冠长臂猿的呜叫进行了录音,对每群录音效果较好的5个声音用Signal/RTS4.0软件进行声谱分析.结果表明:东黑冠长臂猿叫声的频率较高,最高频率已经达到甚至超过了5 kHz;雄性的呜叫声由起始音(boom)、简单的重复音节(aa notes)、调节前音节(pre-modulated note)和调节音句(modulatedphrases)组成,雌性长臂猿一般只会发出一种固定而刻板的激动呜叫,二者互相配合组成结构复杂的二重唱.通常,二重唱由成年雄性发起和结束,并占主导地位.同时,将东黑冠长臂猿二重唱的声谱结构与近缘种西黑冠长臂猿和海南长臂猿进行比较,结果显示雄性和雌性的叫声、以及二者配合发出的激动呜叫序列在三者之间都有明显差异.因此,从声谱特征角度可以有效论证这三种长臂猿独立物种的分类地位.