高海拔地区烟田不同地膜管理的效果比较

摘要

Effect of three different methods of plasticfilm management on moisture and soil temperature, and yield, economic value, chemical components of YUN97 were investigated with field experiments in Zhaotong Ludian. Results showed that: (1) Completely removingfilm mulching resulted in the lowest soil moisture content at depth of 0-10 cm, and was 20.91 % lower than whole growth period mulching and 4.22% lower than not completely removingfilm processing during mature stage. Compared with other treatments the whole growth period mulching has a higher soil moisture content at 10-20 cm soil depth during lower stalk position leaves mature stage, and a lower soil moisture after lower leaves matured. Overall soil moisture content of not completely removingfilm processing had less volatile than other treatments. (2) Completely removingfilm mulching had the lowest soil temperature at the depth of 0-10cm, which was 2.34℃lower than that of whole growth period mulching and 1.72℃ lower than not completely removingfilm processing during mature stage. (3) Yield difference between treatments was non-significant in two yearsfield experiments and economic value of not completely removing film processing was relatively higher or significantly higher than the rest of the processing. (4) Nicotine content of control was higher than other treatments. There was on significant difference between treatments for potassium content and nitrogen content. Sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio of not completely removingfilm processing were better-balanced than other treatments. Not completely removing film processing can be applied in production in tobacco-growing areas of the high-altitude.%以云烟97为材料，2010-2011年在昭通鲁甸针对当地烤烟生产成熟后期温度偏低的现象，通过田间试验研究了全生育期地膜覆盖即对照（按当地烟农习惯不揭膜）、不完全揭膜和完全揭膜3个不同地膜管理方式对植烟土壤水分、温度和烟叶产量、产值及品质的影响。结果表明：烟叶成熟期间0-10 cm土层含水率总体以揭膜处理最低，较不揭膜处理平均降低了20.91%，比不完全揭膜处理平均降低了4.22%；而10-20 cm土层含水率在下部烟叶成熟期间以不揭膜处理较高，之后相反；总体而言以不完全揭膜处理土壤含水率波动性较小；烟叶成熟期间土层温度皆以揭膜处理略低于其他处理，较不揭膜处理平均降低了2.34℃，比不完全揭膜处理平均降低了1.72℃；烟碱含量两年皆以对照相对最高，且略高于优质烟叶标准范围；而烟叶含钾量和含氮量在不同处理间无较大差异；糖/碱比、氮/碱比综合而言以不完全揭膜处理协调性较好。对试验结果综合分析认为，在高海拔地区烤烟生产中可以考虑不完全揭膜措施的应用。