Apples are one of the main agricultural crops on China's Loess Plateau. This study took a Fuji apple orchard in this region as a test object to study the effects of different patterns of surface mulching (clean tillage, grass cover, film mulching, straw mulching, and gravel mulching) on the soil hydrology and apple yield.Based on soil water storage, three seasonal periodscan be recognised annually； Water decreases in spring ＆ summer, increases in summer ＆ autumn, and stabilizes in winter ＆ spring. Within the 0—600 cm soil profile,the highest average soil water content was in the film mulching treatment and the lowest was in the gravel mulching in all three periods. After rainfall, there was significant soil water recovery in the gravel mulching treatment (10.52 ％), with straw mulching second (9.47 ％), and least soil water recovery with clean tillage (6.53％). The depth of the water infiltration reached 260 cm. Based on apple yield, the water use efficiency in each treatment was: Clean tillage: 35.75 kg/(mm·ha), grass cover: 0.31 kg/(mm·ha), film mulching:47.81 kg/(mm · ha), straw mulching: 58.99 kg/(mm·ha), and gravel mulching: 80.25 kg/(mm·ha). In conclusion, of the mulching patterns tested, gravel mulching was the most suitable for apple orchards in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, China.%为探清不同地表覆盖措施(清耕处理、生草处理、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂石覆盖)对苹果园土壤水文状况的影响,利用水分中子仪于2007年10月-2009年10月对黄土高原红富士苹果园土壤水分状况进行定位监测,并同时调查苹果产量.结果表明,果园土壤水分年周期可划分为春夏失墒期、夏秋增墒期和冬春稳墒期3个时期;3个时期中0～600 cm深土壤剖面水分均为砂石覆盖处理最低,地膜覆盖处理最高;雨季后,不同覆盖的土壤水分均得到恢复,其中,砂石覆盖处理恢复率最高(10.52%),其次为秸秆覆盖处理(9.47%),清耕处理恢复率最低(6.53%),最大恢复深度(年周期最大入渗深度)可达260 cm上下;结合产量因素得出,各处理的水分利用效率分别为,清耕处理35.75 kg/(mm·hm2)、生草处理40.31 kg/(mm·hm2)、地膜覆盖47.81 kg/(mm·hm2)、秸秆覆盖58.99 kg/(mm·hm2)、砂石覆盖80.25 kg/(mm·hm2).所以,在黄土高原地区,砂石覆盖应是改善果园土壤水文状况的适宜地表覆盖措施.
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