华山新麦草在小麦遗传改良中的应用研究进展

摘要

华山新麦草是仅分布于中国秦岭山脉华山段的特有农作物野生近缘物种，具有抗寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗病、优质等优异性状特点。因此，华山新麦草可作为小麦抗病、抗逆等性状遗传改良的重要种质资源，对拓宽小麦遗传基础、创制新种质资源具有重要意义。本文围绕华山新麦草种群生态保护研究及其在小麦遗传改良中的应用现状，阐述了华山新麦草分类及进化、种群生态和小麦遗传改良过程中的应用情况，并针对华山新麦草的生态保护及在小麦育种中的应用前景进行了展望，以期对今后特异种质资源在小麦遗传育种实践中高效利用该种质资源有所启发。%Psathyrostachyshuashanicais an endangered wheat-related species found only on Mount Hua of the Qinling Mountains in the Shaanxi Province of China.It is considered an important germplasm resource for broadening genetic diversity and for developing new cultivars due to its valuable resistance to cold,drought and diseases.This paper reviews existing literature on the species.Most studies have focused on the taxonomy of the biological traits of P.huashanica,its evolution and population ecology.A number of studies have consid-ered its usefulness as a resource for genetic improvement,including how to identify and develop new intermedi-ate plants through crossings with wheat.The paper concludes with a general discussion of the ecological protec-tion of P.huashanicaand the species’application in plant breeding so that new knowledge can be discovered and utilized effectively in practice.