Upconversion fluorescence in Nd:YVO4 crystal under a laser diode (LD) pump was investigated. It is proved that the predominant mechanism for excitation of ４G7／2 level is an energy transfer upconversion. Then,a theoretical approach to upconversion effect on LD pumped Nd:YVO4 laser is given.In addition,the role of upconversion in thermal effect is discussed in detail.%对激光二极管抽运下Nd:YVO4晶体中的上转换发光做了测量与分析，发现对应４G7／2能级向下跃迁的上转换发光的主导机制为能量传递上转换.接着，对上转换对LD抽运Nd:YVO4激光器运转的影响进行了理论分析，并特别讨论了上转换对热效应的影响.
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