重金属污染土壤的修复是现阶段污染土壤治理中的难点之一,在土壤修复过程中对重金属的形态研究已在多个领域中开展,并且在重金属形态及其与生物有效性和毒性等研究领域取得了一定的成果.本文综述了现阶段在污染土壤修复过程中对重金属形态研究的主要领域,分析研究重金属形态的必要性,总结出土壤修复过程中重金属形态方面应当从重金属在土壤与植物中的存在形态人手,研究重金属元素在不同界面间的迁移转化规律,通过阻断重金属元素在污染源、土壤、生物之间的传递链条,以阻止重金属对生物体造成危害,从而为土壤重金属污染的治理修复提供理论基础.%At present, one of the difficulties in the contaminated soil is the renovation of the polluted soil. Heavy metal forms of soils have been studied in various aspects for contaminated soil remediation. There have been some achievements in such fields as speciation, bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. This paper made a review of the researches on heavy metal morphology in soil during the process of soil remediation. The necessity of the investigation of heavy metal forms was also analyzed. It is concluded that the migration and transformation laws of heavy metals in different environmental media should be investigated based on the heavy metal forms existent in soils and plants. In order to prevent organism health risk induced by heavy metals, we should block the chains of heavy metal migration between pollution sources, soil, and plants. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of heavy metal pollution of soil.
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