川西名山县阶地漂洗土壤分类及参比研究

摘要

经历了强烈漂洗作用的土壤是一类形态独特的土壤,在分类系统中具有重要地位.本文在四川西部漂洗土壤集中分布的名山县第二至五级阶地上对这类土壤进行了野外调查采样和室内测试分析,按中国土壤系统分类的原理和方法,通过水耕表层、水耕氧化还原层、漂白层、人为滞水土壤水分状况、氧化还原特征等诊断层和诊断特性的确定及按顺序检索的方法,将其归入人为土纲,水耕人为土亚纲,简育水耕人为土和铁聚水耕人为土土类,漂白简育水耕人为土、漂白铁聚水耕人为土和普通铁聚水耕人为土亚类；同时按发生分类系统进行了类型划分,它们均归入漂洗水稻土亚类.比较而言,系统分类能更精确地区别土壤分异,有利于土壤精准化管理,但仍需进一步修订完善.%Intensely leached soil is a unique type of soil and has an important position in the soil classification system. For its classification, bleached soils on the second, third, fourth and fifth terraces of Mingshan County, West Sichuan where they are widely distributed, were investigated and sampled in field and analyzed in laboratory. Following the principle and methods of Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) , their diagnostic horizons were identified and their diagnostic characteristics, such as anthrostagic epipedon, hydragric horizon, albic horizon, anthrostagnic moisture regime, redoxic features, determined; and by means of sequential searching, they were sorted into Anthrosols in order, Stagnic Anthrosols in suborder, Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols and Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols in group, Albic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols, Albic Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols, and Typic Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols in subgroup, and according to the Genetic Soil Classification of China (GSCC) , they fell into the subgroup of Bleached Paddy Soil. Comparatively speaking, CST can more accurately discriminate soils, which favors standardized management of soils. However, CST still needs to be further perfected.