'吃'砒霜的细菌——解析微生物的砷代谢

摘要

It was discovered that there are certain microorganisms that can use the extraordinary toxic metalloid arsenic (As) to gain energy for their growth, even use arsenic instead of phosphorus to grow.In this article, we reviewed recent advanced research achievements and summarized these microbial arsenic metabolisms in the following 6 aspects; 1.Gaining energy by chemolithoautotrophic As ( Ⅲ ) oxidation; 2.Gaining energy by chemoorganoheterotrophic As ( Ⅲ ) oxidation; 3.Gaining energy by respiratory As( Ⅴ ) reduction; 4.As( Ⅲ ) oxidation coupling with photosynthesis; 5.The interactions among As ( Ⅲ ) oxidation, As ( Ⅴ ) reduction and As ( Ⅲ ) oxidation coupling with photosynthesis; 6.Growth using As ( Ⅴ ) instead of phosphorus.Gaining information of microbial arsenic metabolisms is fundamental important for better understanding of life creation, biodiversity, evaluation, biogeochemical cycle and bioremediation.%研究发现一些微生物可以利用剧毒的类金属砷(As)为自身生长获取能量甚至用砷代替磷维持生长.本文综合分析了近期的研究进展,从以下6方面解析微生物多重的砷代谢产能机制:(1)化能无机自养As(Ⅲ)氧化供能;(2)有机异养型As(Ⅲ)氧化供能;(3)呼吸性As(Ⅴ)还原供能;(4)As(Ⅲ)氧化偶联的光合作用;(5)As(Ⅲ)氧化、As(Ⅴ)、还原As(Ⅲ)氧化偶联的光合作用之间的关联;(6)As(Ⅴ)代替磷维持细菌生长.阐明微生物利用砷的机理在生命起源、生命多样性、进化、地球化学循环及污染治理等方面都具有重要价值.