深海热液口Epsilon-变形菌的物种多样性与环境适应机理

摘要

Recent metagenomic surveys suggested that Epsilon-proteobacteria is abundant in deep-sea extreme environment such as hydrothermal vent and they play important role in carbon,nitrogen,hydrogen,and sulfur recycle in the ocean.A few studies have been carried out on this class of bacteria,mainly including 16S rRNA taxonomic identification and genomic sequence analysis from deep sequencing.This review summarized current understanding of ecological distribution and diversity of Epsilon-proteobacteria.Meanwhile,we elaborated diverse energy metabolism,powerful chemotaxis and motility,and relationships with benthic animals of Epsilon-proteobacteria.Meanwhile,we also discuss the adaptation mechanism of Epsilon-proteobacteria to deep-sea extreme environment to expedite our understanding and bioprospecting of the unique biological features of Epsilon-proteobacteria.%Epsilon-变形菌是近年来宏基因组调查发现的深海极端环境如热液喷口富集的重要微生物类群,在海洋碳、氮、氢、硫循环中发挥重要作用.目前对这个纲的研究较少,主要来自于16S rRNA的分类鉴定以及深度测序拼接的基因组序列分析.本文总结了目前对Epsilon-变形菌纲的生态分布及多样性调查研究结果,并对深海热液喷口的Epsilon-变形菌的多种能量代谢方式、强大的趋化运动系统以及与底栖生物的共生关系进行了阐述.这些结果初步揭示了Epsilon-变形菌对深海极端环境的适应机制,并推动对这个极端环境富集的细菌分支的生物学特征认知与资源利用.