氮肥运筹对不同种植方式冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响

摘要

以山西农业大学培育的多穗型冬小麦山农9801为供试材料，采用随机区组的方法，在施氮总量每公顷300 kg时，分别对常规条播(B1)和窄行稀条播(B2)实施不同氮肥基追比：CK (10∶0)、C1(7∶3)、C2(5∶5)、C3(3∶7)，研究其对拔节期小麦群体形态、各生育期叶面积指数及总茎数、产量构成因素的影响。结果表明：窄行稀条播促进了冬小麦群体生长，提高了实际产量。不同氮肥运筹对两种播种方式小麦生长及产量的影响很大，拔节期追施氮肥后小麦各指标均在C1、C2较高，整体看C1最高，且对窄行条播的提高作用更为明显。 B2种植基追比7∶3时，旗叶面积、株高、次生根数最多，黄叶数最少，且与其他处理达到显著差异，拔节期到孕穗期LAI 最高，群体总茎数及单株成穗数最大， C1处理通过显著增加有效穗数、穗粒数及千粒重来增加实际产量。上述分析结果为晋中窄行条播冬小麦氮肥合理利用，优质高产提供了实验和理论依据。%Experiments Using randomized block method were conducted by using multiple-ear varieties of winter wheat Shan-nong 9801 as material cultivated by Shanxi Agricultural University. In the total amount of N per hectare of 300kg, The implementation of different ratios of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer was applied respectively in normal drill-ing seeding technique(B1) and narrow row sparse drilling technique(B2): CK(10∶0),C1 (7∶3),C2 (5∶5),C3 (3∶7), and the effects in morphology, Leaf area index and the total stem number in different growth period and yield components of wheat during shooting phase were studied. It has been proved that narrow row sparse drilling technique has enhanced the growth of winter wheat and improved actual production. The growth and production in the two methods have been significantly effected by different nitrogen application strategies. After topdressing nitrogen during shooting phase, each index of C1,C2 was higher than others’ , Look from whole C1 is the best one and rate to increase narrow row sparse drilling technique is more obviously. B2, the area of flag leaf, the highest value of plant height and secondary root number, the least number of yellow leaves, has significant differences when the ratio of base and topdressing is 7∶3. The jointing to booting stage, B2, maximum LAI, the highest total stem number and ear number per plant. The C1has promoted actual production through increasing significantly unit-acreage, grain number, and thousand seed weight. A-bove results of analysis will provide an experimental and theoretic basis for reasonable utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of winter wheat narrow row sparse drilling technique in Jinzhong district.